GNGTS 2016 - Atti del 35° Convegno Nazionale

GNGTS 2016 S essione 2.1 289 Fidani, C., Battiston, R., Burger, W. J. and Conti, L.; 2012: A study of NOAA particle flux sensitivity to solar activity and strategies to search for correlations among satellite data and earthquake phenomena, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33, 15, 4796-4814. Fidani C.; 2015: Particle precipitation prior to large earthquakes of both the Sumatra and Philippine Regions: A statistical analysis, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 114, 384–392. Fidani, C.; 2016a: Forecasting Strong Earthquakes in Indonesia and Philippines from Space, International Beacon Satellite Symposium BSS-2016, Trieste, Italy. Fidani, C.; 2016b: Strong Earthquakes in Indonesia and Philippines warned in advance from Space, 35 th General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission ESC-2016, 4-10 September, Trieste, Italy. The Central Italy Electromagnetic Network (CIEN) ten years after the beginning of continuous monitoring C. Fidani SARA Electronics Instruments, Earthquake Physics, Perugia, Italy and Central Italy Electromagnetic Network, Fermo, Italy Over the last decade, major earthquakes have occurred throughout Italy, leading to deaths and extensive damage. Three of these earthquakes have reached the threshold of 6, about one every three years, causing over six hundred deaths. Many reinforced concrete structures have collapsed. All this, despite repeated appeals to build anti-seismic constructions and carry out restorations following stringent laws that were promulgated to avoid repeating the disasters of the twentieth century. Can the restoration of structures serve as a real solution for avoiding more Italian causalities? It is necessary but not sufficient, as has been proven over the last twenty years. Furthermore, this remedy would need many decades to be realized, failing to ensure the protection of today’s population. Being so, a thorough study of all the physical phenomena that occur around the time of earthquakes should be carried out to verify the possibility of moving inhabitants away from buildings that are considered non anti-seismic during a seismic crisis, but before the occurrence of destructive shocks. Over the last ten years many moderate earthquakes, M > 3.5 (Bina, 2016), have occurred in Italy which did not produce major damages or casualties but were useful for testing different physical parameters. One of these tests is being realised by means of a network of wide band electromagnetic detectors that continuously records the electrical components of the electromagnetic field, ranging from a few of Hz to tens of kHz. The network has been operating in central Italy for more than ten years (Fidani, 2011). The recorded signals from this network have been analyzed in real time as well as their power spectrum contents. Time/frequency data have been saved for further analysis. The spectral contents have evidenced very distinct power spectrum signatures in ELF band that increase in intensity when strong seismic activity occur near the stations. For example, at the time of the Amatrice earthquakes in 2016 when ten stations were operative, at the time of the Emilia earthquakes in 2012 when nine stations were operative, and at the time of the L’Aquila earthquakes in 2009 when only two stations were operative. CIEN is presently composed of 16 stations. Also in 2016, many other types of detectors were added at each station: 8 stations with vertical conductivity detectors, 4 with magnetometers, 2 with gamma detectors, 2 with meteorological stations, one with an underground thermometer and hygrometer, another one with a camera for transient luminous phenomena in atmosphere. The aim was to update the network in a multi-parameter. Underground temperature started to be recorded in Fermo in May 2014 with a resolution of 0.06°C at about a depth of one meter. However, the system was damaged by humidity in 2015. Being so, a new couple of sensors for temperature and humidity