GNGTS 2019 - Atti del 38° Convegno Nazionale

GNGTS 2019 S essione 1.4 229 gas and alpha-particles in atmosphere that could induce the aerosol-cloud formation and a chain of phenomena, including humidity and temperature alteration (see the following paragraph), electric conductivity alteration of atmosphere and ionosphere as proposed by Pulinets and Ouzounov 2011. These phenomena probably increased with the earthquake approaching: in fact, at the end of May 2016 an increase of magnetic anomalies from observatories has been recorded and in June – July 2016 other several phenomena in underground pressure water, surface temperature, water vapour and ozone in atmosphere presented anomalous features for the region. In the last five days and 3.2 days before the earthquake a further anomalous feature of water pressure in underground LNGS laboratories and ionospheric magnetic anomalies appeared, respectively. Fig. 1 resumes this chain of anomalies that brought the geosystem toward the earthquake, together with some examples of the source data. Finally, we can notice that the occurrence of anomalies seems to increase approaching the seismic event, confirming the typical behaviour of physical “critical systems” with an increasing phase of activity before the event and a subsequent relaxation after the event. We found a good agreement with the Lithosphere Atmosphere Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) models of Freund and Pulinets and Ouzounov that although different in the origin of the coupling, they both could explain some of the observed phenomena. This promising approach can be applied to other earthquakes in different regions of the world and the next steps will be to understand which physical parameters influence more the preparation phase of an earthquake, that we know is different for different seismic events even if a transformation from linear to turbulent-critical system can be found in most case studies but with different time and conditions. Acknowledgements. A special Acknowledgements to the SAFE and INGV Limadou-Science teams and ESA and ASI that funded the two projects. Team members (out of the authors of this work): Giorgiana De Franceschi, Rita di Giovambattista, Loredana Perrone, Lucilla Alfonsi, Saioa Arquero Campuzano, Alessandro Piscini, Luca Spogli, Claudio Cesaroni, Gianfranco Cianchini, Alessandro Ippolito, Fransisco-Javier Pavon-Carrasco, Dario Sabbagh. References Barberio, M. D., Barbieri, M., Billi, A., Doglioni, C., Petitta, M. (2017). Hydrogeochemical changes before and during the 2016 Amatrice-Norcia seismic sequence (central Italy). Scientific Reports, 7, 11735. doi:10.1038/ s41598-017-11990-8. De Luca G., Di Carlo G., Tallini, M. (2018). A record of changes in the Gran Sasso groundwater before, during and after the 2016 Amatrice earthquake, central Italy. Scientific Reports, 8, 15982. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598- 018-34444-1 De Santis A., De Franceschi, G., Spogli, L., Perrone, L., Alfonsi, L. Qamili, E., Cianchini, G, Salvi S., Filippi E., Pavón-Carrasco F.J., Monna S., Piscini A., Battiston R., Vitale V., Picozza P.G., Conti L., Parrot M., Tao D. (2015). Geospace perturbations induced by the Earth: the state of the art and future trends, Phys. & Chem. Earth, 85-86, 17-33. De Santis A, Abbattista C., Alfonsi L., Amoruso L., A. Campuzano S., Carbone M., Cesaroni C., Cianchini G., De Franceschi G., De Santis A., Di Giovambattista R., Marchetti D., Martino L., Perrone L., Piscini A., Rainone M. L., Soldani M., Spogli L, Santoro F., (2019) Geosystemics View of Earthquakes. Entropy, 21(4), 412; https://doi. org/10.3390/e21040412. Freund, F. (2011). Pre-earthquake signals: Underlying physical processes. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 383–400 Freund, F. (2013). Earthquake Forewarning – A multidisciplinary Challenge from the Ground up to Space. Acta Geophysica, 61(4), 775–807. Gentili S., Di Giovambattista, R., Peresan, A. (2017). Seismic quiescence preceding the 2016 central Italy earthquakes. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 272, 27-33, Doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2017.09.004 Marchetti D., De SantisA., D’Arcangelo S., Poggio F., Jin S., Piscini A. andArquero-Campuzano S. (2019a). Magnetic field and electron density anomalies from Swarm satellites preceding the major earthquakes of the 2016-2017 Amatrice-Norcia (Central Italy) seismic sequence, PAGeoph., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02138-y. Marchetti D., De Santis, A., D’Arcangelo S., Poggio F., Piscini, A, A. Campuzano S., Werneck V. (2019b) Pre- earthquake chain processes detected from ground to satellite altitude in preparation of the 2016–2017 seismic sequence in Central Italy. Remote Sensing of Environment, 229, 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.033