GNGTS 2024 - Atti del 42° Convegno Nazionale

Session 2.2 GNGTS 2024 Seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings in Montenegro: a heuristic model F. Aloschi 1 , M. Polese 1 , J. Pejovic 2 , N. Serdar 2 1 Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture (DiSt), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy 2 Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Montenegro UCG, Podgorica, Montenegro Background, motivation, and scope The first step to perform a vulnerability assessment is to classify buildings, recognizing the typological characteristics that define the seismic behavior of a class . The typological characteristics are discernible when conducting analyses at the territorial scale (Polese et al. 2019). After selecting the damage scale, vulnerability functions are assessed as a measure of the likelihood for building classes to experience damage due to earthquakes of given intensity. Main approaches for estimating the vulnerability of buildings may be distinguished as: i) empirical, where models are based on statistical processing of damage data collected from past earthquake events, ii) analytical, where fragility is computed according to an analytical-based estimation of the buildings’ response, iii) hybrid, where features of i) and ii) are combined, and iv) heuristic, expert based methods with subsequent empirical calibration by observational data. Heuristic approaches were largely adopted in the last two decades as they ensure physically consistent results and fairly accurate fittings with actual damage (Lagomarsino et al. 2021). In this paper, we propose a heuristic approach, hereafter referred to as EXPLORA, to evaluate the vulnerability model (VM) for masonry residential buildings in Montenegro. In particular, building classification is based on the SERA model (Crowley et al. 2020) suitably enriched to account for building features that influence the vulnerability. The SERA model is based on the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) (Silva et al. 2020) and was developed to work jointly with GEM's analytical fragility curves. However, these curves were developed for global applications and were not calibrated with observed damage data. Thus, they cannot adequately capture the behaviour of buildings in specific geographic areas. In this work, masonry buildings in Montenegro are initially subdivided in 3 building classes, namely: 1) unconfined stone masonry buildings (URM-St), 2) unconfined brick masonry buildings (URM-Br), and 3) confined masonry (CFM). In the context of Montenegro, specific VMs have not been developed as yet. To address this gap, we firstly compare Montenegrin building typologies with the SERA typologies, based on the GEM taxonomy (Scawthorn et al. 2013), and with those of Serbia (Blagojević et al. 2023), Slovenia (Babič et al. 2021; Polese et al. 2023), and Italy (Rosti et al. 2021; Polese et al. 2023). This allows a re-classification of the Montenegrin typologies according to