GNGTS 2024 - Atti del 42° Convegno Nazionale

Session 2.2 GNGTS 2024 report this info in this paper; however, the outcomes of this manipulation will be clearly displayed in the forthcoming subsection. The proposed heuristic model (EXPLORA) In Montenegro, data on building structures is obtained from the 2011 census, which provides info on dwellings and their construction dates. There is no specific information detailing the typological characteristics of buildings, which is crucial for creating comprehensive building classes. Hence, the SERA exposure model (Crowley et al. 2020) for Montenegro is used as a reference. It defines common building classes in Montenegro based on the year of construction and location (urban or rural). With the aim of comparing the typologies with those considered in (Blagojević et al. 2023)- (Rosti et al. 2021; Polese et al. 2023), additional features are considered. Firstly, the SERA model (Crowley et al. 2020) is enriched according to the GEM building taxonomy (Scawthorn et al. 2013), and buildings are subdivided according to height classes Low ( L : 1-2 stories) or Medium ( MH : ≥ 3 stories). The percentage distribution in height classes is derived from the SERA model for Montenegro (Crowley et al. 2020). Next, the presence of flexible or rigid slab floors is considered, assigning equal probability. The resulting building classes are outlined on the left side of Tab. 4. Montenegro building classes Lateral load resisting system (LLRS) Design Code and Age of Construction Floor type Height SERA typologies (Scawthorn et al. 2013; Crowley et al. 2020) VM Serbia (Blagojević et al. 2023) VM Italy (Rosti et al. 2021) VM Slovenia (Babič et al. 2021) URM-St Stone walls in both directions without tie- rods CDN pre-code 1919-1964 50% Flexible (wooden slab) 50% Rigid (RC slab) 90% Low ( L ) 1 - 2 stories 10% Medium ( MH ) ≥ 3 stories → MUR-STDRE_LWAL-H1 (λ S1 =0.45) MUR-STDRE_LWAL-H2 (λ S2 =0.45) MUR-STDRE_LWAL-H3 (λ S3 =0.10) M1 , M2 (λ Sr1 =0.5) M3 (λ Sr2 =0.5) B-L (λ It1 =0.45) B-MH (λ It2 =0.05) C1-L (λ It3 =0.45) C1-MH (λ It4 =0.05) 1 (λ Sl1 =0.9) 2 (λ Sl2 =0.1) URM-Br Brick walls in both directions without tie- rods CDL low code 1964-1980 50% Flexible (wooden slab) 50% Rigid (RC slab) 90% Low ( L ) 1 – 2 stories 10% Medium ( MH ) ≥ 3 stories → MUR-CL99_LWAL-H1 (λ S1 =0.45) MUR- CL99_LWAL-H2 (λ S2 =0.45) MUR- CL99_LWAL-H3 (λ S3 =0.10) M1 , M2 (λ Sr1 =0.5) M3 (λ Sr2 =0.5) B-L (λ It1 =0.45) B-MH (λ It2 =0.05) C1-L (λ It3 =0.45) C1-MH (λ It4 =0.05) 3 (λ Sl1 =0.9) 4 (λ Sl2 =0.1) CFM Brick or stone walls with vertical and horizontal RC elements without tie- rods CDM moderate code 1981-2011 50% Flexible (wooden slab) 50% Rigid (RC slab) 71% Low ( L ) 1 - 2 stories 29% Medium ( MH ) ≥ 3 stories → MCF/LWAL+DUL/H:1 (λ S1 =0.42) MCF/LWAL+DUL/H:2 (λ S2 =0.29) MCF/LWAL+DUL/H:3 (λ S3 =0.29) M3 (λ Sr =1) C1-L (λ It1 =0.71) C1-MH (λ It2 =0.29) 5 (λ Sl1 =0.71) 6 (λ Sl2 =0.29) Tab. 4 – Association of renowned vulnerability models (VMs) to the Montenegro building classes. Adding to the details of the SERA model and Tab. 4, it's worth mentioning that we assumed all buildings under CDN were constructed with stone masonry, while those under CDL were built with