GNGTS 2024 - Atti del 42° Convegno Nazionale

Session 2.3 GNGTS 2024 Fig. 2 - The Disaster Risk Management Cycle and the resilience: diferent points of view of the subjects It's worth notng that an efectve and good recovery should result in a new normality at a level beter than the pre-event, introducing elements of improvement and regeneraton compared to the pre-event state. To improve resilience, the system uses not only its ability to respond and recover, but also its ability to antcipate, regenerate and learn. These capabilites are partcularly important given that adverse events may recur over tme and the system has the ability to prepare in advance for future events. The ability to learn from the gained knowledge gives the system a potental evolutonary capacity. An ecological-evolutonary approach involves assuming the role of the actve agent, i.e., as the player, whether as an individual, a group, or a community. In this perspectve, the system's resilience is contngent upon the capabilites of these players, including their knowledge, strategies, and tools used to comprehend the issue, make decisions, and implement actons. The correctness, relevance, tmeliness, contextualizaton, and efectveness of these actons (or inactons) collectvely determine the system's resilience. Moreover, there are external observers, who have a comprehensive overview of the entre situaton. They analyse the outcomes resultng from the actons of the players, considering the entre process, or even during the development of each step, as well as the appropriateness, efectveness, and efcacy of the entre process. However, these observatons are conducted with an ex-post point of view or ex-ante (but out of the game). External observers possess knowledge of how the system evolved under the specifc circumstances and on which have been the results of the actons. In this case, the task of the observer is to interpret the situaton to gather knowledge and experience that can be applied to future events. In dealing with complex systems where contnuous environmental changes occur, the focus shifs to navigaton, requiring monitoring, antcipaton, adaptaton, and learning. Safety management in today's complex world must consider numerous risks, dimensions, and disciplines, accountng for the open and unpredictable nature of the system. In response to these challenges, the player’s perspectve becomes pivotal in determining the right actons at the right tme, especially in the face of unpredictable events. The intersectoral approach strives to link technical aspects with socio-economic and human behaviour, fostering interdisciplinary and inter-insttutonal synergies to enhance contextualizaton, fnalizaton, and resilience in safety management. From risk to safety. Efectve disaster risk reducton (DRR) is a critcal component of ensuring the safety and resilience of communites and natons. The journey from risk to safety involves a comprehensive shif in governance strategies, acknowledging the dynamic nature of hazards and emphasizing proactve measures and the need of a constant contextualizaton. Disaster risks are complex and ever-evolving, infuenced by factors such as climate change, urbanizaton, and socio- economic conditons. Approaching DRR solely through risk management is akin to playing catch-up