GNGTS 2024 - Atti del 42° Convegno Nazionale

Session 2.3 GNGTS 2024 The Milan Metropolitan area is located in the seismic zone 3 at the lower limit of the peak ground acceleraton range of 0.05g-0.075g. This range is expected to cause damage to non-structural elements of buildings, which is typically underestmated in many European countries (Ferreira et al., 2021). Most of the buildings and infrastructures are likely to be vulnerable to such damage as specifc measures are not provided by the building code. The Milan metropolitan area's relatvely low-risk level is not in line with its real risk, which afects densely populated areas with strategic infrastructure. This brings the earthquakes’ issue prone to be mostly underestmated. Recent studies highlight a low-risk percepton (Crescimbene et al., 2015; Crescimbene et al., 2016) that might cause communites to be unprepared to cope with the hazard. Two earthquakes of low magnitude have shaken the area surrounding Milan in the last two years, which people did not expect but were clearly felt. On December the 17th 2020 a Mw3.8 earthquake occurred southwest of Milan next to the town of Pero; one year later, on December the 18th 2021 a Mw3.9 earthquake occurred northeast of Milan next to the city of Dalmine. They both drew atenton on the seismic risk of the area. But since risk percepton is stll low the community is likely to be heavily unprepared. The school context also shows the underestmaton of seismic risk. The percepton of seismic hazard in schools’ staf and students is mostly incorrect (Bandecchi et al., 2019). Moreover there is a lack in stafs’ competence to educate students to risk preventon and textbooks do not provide specifc informaton on the topic (Musacchio et al., 2020). For these reasons, it is critcal for the seismic risk subject to be more included in the school programs, and to engage students in risk communicaton campaigns, so they can contribute to promote awareness and preparedness on seismic risk in the society. METHODS The Milano Division of the Isttuto Nazionale di Geofsica e Vulcanologia annually hosts schools and undertakes with them actvites highly interactve mostly framed in the serious gaming approach. In this work we select educatonal laboratories and actvites to describe three aspects of seismic risk: (1) the role of seismic site efects on the ground shaking, (2) buildings response to ground shaking and (3) key-issues on community preparedness. The role of seismic site efects on the ground shaking: the Site-efects laboratory Seismic site efects are a cause of damage that is ofen unknown by the general public. Geological, geomorphological, and geotechnical conditons modify the amplitude and frequency of seismic moton as it propagates in the fnal layers of soil before reaching the surface. Lithostratgraphic (Cara et al., 2019) or topographic (Massa et al., 2014) amplifcatons or induced phenomena, such as landslides, avalanches, or the liquefacton of sandy soils are examples of seismic site efects. A recent example that has reached the public debate in the media occurred during the 2012 Emilia earthquake sequence (Emergeo working group, 2012).